Treatment and outcome of malignant giant cell tumor in the spine.

Abstract

Malignant giant cell tumor (MGCT) in the spine is extremely rare and there is little published information regarding this subject in the literature. We attempted to correlate different treatment options and outcomes over time. A retrospective study of patients with spinal MGCT who were surgically treated in our center between 2006 and 2012 was performed. Overall, three surgical management strategies, including subtotal resection, piecemeal total resection, and total en bloc spondylectomy were applied. Postoperative radiotherapy was carried out in 4 cases. Clinical data and efficacy of surgical treatment strategy were analyzed via chart review. A total of 14 patients with spinal MGCT were included in the study. Three cases were diagnosed as primary MGCT (PMGCT), while the other 11 patients were secondary MGCT (SMGCT). The mean follow-up period was 41 (range 3-75) months. Recurrence was found in 7 patients after surgery in our center, while distant metastasis and death occurred in 4 and 6 cases, respectively. MGCT of bone is always a high-grade sarcoma with a poor prognosis and complete excision, while also preserving neural function, is recommended. In our study, patients who underwent total en bloc spondylectomy had significantly lower local recurrence rate for MGCT in the spine.