Treatment and Complications of Patients with Zygomatic Fractures Referring to Imam Reza Hospital in a 2-Year Period

Abstract

Background: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of injuries and the relevant morbidity and mortality in Iran. The present study was undertaken to determine the etiology, type, and treatment modalities applied to zygomatic fractures and investigate the correlation of postoperative complications with the treatment modality used in patients referring to Imam Reza hospital. Methods: The target population consisted of all the patients with zygomatic bone fractures referring to the oral and maxillofacial surgery service of Imam Reza hospital (2011 - 2012). Demographic data, the reason for trauma, the trauma date, the location and the type of fracture, and the clinical symptoms of fracture were recorded in checklists. The surgery was undertaken and the surgical procedure, the type of the therapeutic intervention and its complications, the type of the plate used, and the place it was used for fixation also were recorded in the checklists. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-squared test using SPSS 21. Results: Of 165 patients with zygomatic fractures, 80% were male and 20% were female with a mean age of 32.81 years. Motor vehicle accidents were the most important cause of zygomatic fractures (64.8%), and the infraorbital nerve paresthesia was the most frequent symptom (62.4%). Paresthesia was the most frequent complication remaining after surgery in three follow-up visits (38%). The most commonly used open surgical procedures were eyebrow (53.9%), subciliary (46, 27.8%), and vestibular (46, 27.8%) surgeries, respectively. Conclusions: Male patients, with amean age of 32 years, exhibited the highest rate of zygomatic fractures. Themost commonly used open surgical procedure was eyebrow surgery. Paresthesia of the infraorbital nerve was the most prevalent postoperative complication but these complications had no relationship with the surgical techniques used.