Abstract
‘Molecular Biology’ has dominated the study of biology and microbiology since publication of the structure of DNA in the 1950s [1]. Right from the start, Molecular Biology, which focusses on the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, produced staggering conceptual and technical advances. These included unravelling the genetic code by which nucleotide sequences are translated into protein sequences and the mechanisms that control when and where genes are expressed. On the technical side, the ‘recombinant DNA revolution’ was created by the ability to artificially stitch together (recombine) stretches of DNA of different origin (e.g. bacterial and mammalian) and then to propagate and manipulate them almost at will. Furthermore, in recent years the ability to sequence DNA molecules has increased in speed and decreased in cost at an astonishing pace.
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