Abstract
Objective: Evaluate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with reading therapy on the performance of reading tasks in a serie of cases of children and adolescents with developmental dyslexia (DD). Method: (IRB/UNIFESP number:1281/2017). Four dyslexic students (two children and two adolescents) were evaluated with regards to rate and accuracy of reading fluency on three occasions: pre-intervention as well as one and six months after intervention. The intervention consisted of five consecutive sessions of active tDCS (1 mA for 20 minutes), followed by a two-day interval and another five sessions of tDCS combined with cognitive skills stimulation of phonological processing and decoding of words. Anodal tDCS was administered over the left parieto-occipital cortex, with the cathode placed over contralateral deltoid muscle. Each session was preceded by execution of semantic-lexical and phonological evocation tasks. Data were analyzed using Friedman test and JT method for analysis of clinical significance and the reliable change index. Results: Improvements were found in text reading rate and accuracy and word accuracy at the one-month and six-month evaluation. A significant increase was found in correct reading of words and pseudowords six months after intervention. Most of the improvements were reliable, with clinical significance in some cases. Conclusion: Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with a reading stimulation program proved effective at improving reading skills in these participants.
Highlights
Developmental dyslexia (DD) are a neurobiological disorder characterized mainly by an impaired ability to decode and automatically, precisely recognize written words [1]
The intervention consisted of five consecutive sessions of active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (1 mA for 20 minutes), followed by a two-day interval and another five sessions of tDCS combined with cognitive skills stimulation of phonological processing and decoding of words
Anodal tDCS was administered over the left parieto-occipital cortex, with the cathode placed over contralateral deltoid muscle
Summary
Developmental dyslexia (DD) are a neurobiological disorder characterized mainly by an impaired ability to decode and automatically, precisely recognize written words [1]. Due to the complexity of cognitive-linguistic processes involved in reading, several clinical manifestations are reported, such as lower performance on lexical. Decision tasks or fast, precise reading of words during activities of morphosyntactic awareness and orthographic processing [6,7,8]. Such problems in the performance of low cognitive order tasks are generally related to deficits in phonological processing, which encompasses skills such as short-term and operational phonological memory, automatic phonological access to lexicon, and phonological awareness [9]
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