Abstract
Hyperkinetic movement disorders are characterized by the presence of abnormal involuntary movements, comprising most notably dystonia, chorea, myoclonus, and tremor. Possible causes are numerous, including autoimmune disorders, infections of the central nervous system, metabolic disturbances, genetic diseases, drug-related causes and functional disorders, making the diagnostic process difficult for clinicians. Some diagnoses may be delayed without serious consequences, but diagnosis delays may prove detrimental in treatable disorders, ranging from functional disabilities, as in dopa-responsive dystonia, to death, as in Whipple's disease. In this review, we focus on treatable disorders that may present with prominent hyperkinetic movement disorders.
Highlights
Reviewed by: Arushi Gahlot Saini, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), India Alberto Albanese, Catholic University of the Sacred
We focus on treatable disorders that may present with prominent hyperkinetic movement disorders
We focus on disorders that may present with prominent hyperkinetic movement disorders, and be referred primarily to movement disorders specialists
Summary
Aurélie Méneret 1,2*, Béatrice Garcin 3, Solène Frismand 4, Annie Lannuzel , 2,5,6,7 Louise-Laure Mariani 1,2 and Emmanuel Roze 1,2. Hyperkinetic movement disorders are characterized by the presence of abnormal involuntary movements, comprising most notably dystonia, chorea, myoclonus, and tremor. Possible causes are numerous, including autoimmune disorders, infections of the central nervous system, metabolic disturbances, genetic diseases, drug-related causes and functional disorders, making the diagnostic process difficult for clinicians. Some diagnoses may be delayed without serious consequences, but diagnosis delays may prove detrimental in treatable disorders, ranging from functional disabilities, as in dopa-responsive dystonia, to death, as in Whipple’s disease. We focus on treatable disorders that may present with prominent hyperkinetic movement disorders. Hyperkinetic movement disorders comprise dystonia, chorea, myoclonus, tics, stereotypies, and tremor, which can be isolated or associated with other neurological or non-neurological signs. We included disorders that could be fully cured or significantly improved with either pathogenic or symptomatic treatment
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