Abstract
Aging is a biological process that impacts multiple organs. Unfortunately, kidney aging affects the quality of life with high mortality rate. So, searching for innovative nonpharmacological modality improving age-associated kidney deterioration is important. This study aimed to throw more light on the beneficial effect of treadmill exercise on the aged kidney. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups: young (3-4 months old), sedentary aged (23-24 months old), and exercised aged (23-24 months old, practiced moderate-intensity treadmill exercise 5 days/week for 8 weeks). The results showed marked structural alterations in the aged kidney with concomitant impairment of kidney functions and increase in arterial blood pressure with no significant difference in kidney weight. Also, it revealed that treadmill exercise alleviated theses effects in exercised aged group with reduction of urea and cystatin C. Exercise training significantly decreased glomerulosclerosis index, tubular injury score, and % area of collagen deposition. Treadmill exercise exerted its beneficial role via a significant reduction of C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde and increase in total antioxidant capacity. In addition, exercise training significantly decreased desmin immunoreaction and increased aquaporin-3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and beclin-1 in the aged kidney. This study clarified that treadmill exercise exerted its effects via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, podocyte protection, improving aquaporin-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and inducing autophagy in the aged kidney. This work provided a new insight into the promising role of aerobic exercise to ameliorate age-associated kidney damage.
Highlights
Aging is a biological process that impacts multiple organs
Exercise training significantly decreased desmin immunoreaction and increased aquaporin-3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and beclin-1 in the aged kidney. is study clarified that treadmill exercise exerted its effects via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, podocyte protection, improving aquaporin-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and inducing autophagy in the aged kidney. is work provided a new insight into the promising role of aerobic exercise to ameliorate age-associated kidney damage
Using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained renal sections, we examined at least 20 cortical fields (20 x) in each section for tubular injury scoring based on the percentage of affected tubules as follows: score 0, no tubular injury; score 1, 75% of tubules injured at the cortex [27]. e grading percentage was calculated as follows: injury score (%) x 100, which was performed by an observer blinded to the groups under study
Summary
After that, fasting retroorbital blood samples were collected, and plasma was separated and stored at −80°C until biochemical analysis was conducted. E grading percentage was calculated as follows: injury score (%) (number of injured tubules/number of whole tubules) x 100, which was performed by an observer blinded to the groups under study. E glomerulosclerosis score was calculated as follows: [(1 × number of glomeruli with +1) + (2 × number of glomeruli with +2) + (3 × number of glomeruli with +3) + (4 × number of glomeruli with +4)]/total number of the examined glomeruli, which was performed by an observer blinded to the groups under study. E significance of differences between groups in all examined parameters was determined by oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey’s test, whereas tubular injury scoring was determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by post hoc MannWhitney U test.
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