Abstract
The high penetration of distributed generation in distribution grids and the development of microgrids may cause the malfunctioning of the conventional distribution level protection systems. Despite multiple works dedicated to addressing this problem, the development of reliable, high-speed, and cost-efficient protection systems for active grids remains a topical issue. This study proposes a protection system for medium voltage lines that relies entirely on the analytical description of travelling wave transients. This protection uses only local high-frequency current measurements and power-frequency voltage measurements, which potentially makes it a low-cost yet reliable solution. The protection system operates securely by not tripping healthy lines in case of disturbances that do not lead to any faults. The proposed protection is tested on the IEEE 34-bus distribution system with distributed generation.
Highlights
With the high penetration of distributed generation (DG) and the development of microgrids in distribution systems, these systems acquire new properties: bidirectional power flows, decrease in short circuit (SC) current levels due to the deployment of converter-based DGs, and different SC levels in connected and islanded operations of microgrids
This study presents a travelling wave (TW) protection system for medium voltage lines in active grids that builds on the protection system proposed in [10] but aims to address its aforementioned shortcomings
Despite the fact that these TWs depend on a mixture of modal components of erM, it can be shown that the ratio between the line modes of cancellation voltages is still preserved in these TWs
Summary
With the high penetration of distributed generation (DG) and the development of microgrids in distribution systems, these systems acquire new properties: bidirectional power flows, decrease in short circuit (SC) current levels due to the deployment of converter-based DGs, and different SC levels in connected and islanded operations of microgrids. The problem of the fault clearing time can be effectively addressed by conventional differential or communication-assisted adaptive protections such as those proposed in [1, 5, 6] These protection systems have better observability of the current state of a distribution grid than protection systems based on local measurements; they require less time for making reliable decisions. Since the NNs are data-driven methods, the FL algorithm potentially cannot provide sufficient reliability in real power systems, where the number of potential system states is innumerable This algorithm relies on the assumption that angles between a bus voltage at the terminal's location and currents through protected lines are constant which may be unrealistic.
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