Abstract
The methodology of designing traveling-wave series-fed patch array antennas (TSPAAs) based on reflection-canceling elements for flexible radiation pattern has been proposed. By introducing a quarter-wave transformer as the reflection-canceling structure, the cascaded patch antenna with tapered width can be used as the reflection-canceling element for a nonuniformly spaced TSPAA. Because of its simple structure, the parameters of the transformer can be determined directly by the corresponding equivalent circuit. To achieve a flexible radiation pattern, the array aperture distribution can be controlled by changing the element width (for amplitude distribution) and the element spacing (for phase distribution). In this method, the initial array is synthesized through a genetic algorithm approach, and a simulation-based iterative process considering the accurate mutual coupling is developed to optimize the initial array. To evaluate the proposed method, two different types of 14-element linear arrays operating at ISM 24GHz are implemented for a low sidelobe pattern and shaped-beam pattern, respectively. The two arrays are both simulated, fabricated and measured, the measured results show reasonable agreement with the simulation results, which verifies the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method in this paper.
Highlights
The microstrip patch array antenna is widely used in wireless communication systems and microwave radar sensors for its attractive properties, such as light weight, low profile, low cost and easy integration [1], [2]
Θ ∈ sidelobe, and f (θ) > sll where εcos t is the cost function, f (θ )i is the desired arbitrary radiation pattern, θ is angle range of [-90◦, 90◦], ripple is the maximum ripple allowed for the mainlobe, sll is the sidelobe level (SLL) allowed for the sidelobe, ω1 is the weight of the fitness function of the mainlobe, and ω2 is for the sidelobe
This paper proposed a new method to design and synthesize the traveling-wave series-fed patch array antennas (TSPAAs) with flexible radiation patterns
Summary
The microstrip patch array antenna is widely used in wireless communication systems and microwave radar sensors for its attractive properties, such as light weight, low profile, low cost and easy integration [1], [2]. Traditional TSPAAs generally offset the element spacing from the resonant length to obtain impedance matching In this way, the reflected waves from elements cancel each other to obtain traveling wave on the main feeding line [13]–[16]. With introduced reflection-canceling structures, the reflections caused by the array elements can be suppressed to achieve approximate traveling wave on the feeding line. With the similar reflection-canceling element, an 8-element SIW slot array with broadside radiation pattern is designed with -22.5dB sidelobe level (SLL) [24]. The method of designing a TSPAA with novel reflection-canceling patch elements is proposed. In order to suppress the reflection from the patch element, in other words to maintain traveling wave along the feeding line, the proposed antenna element has to be well matched to the characteristic impedance of the feeding line. The proposed reflection-canceling element in this paper are more robust to manufacturing tolerances than that in [25]–[27]
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