Travelers’ diarrhea

Abstract

Travelers' diarrhea is common. Between 8% and 50% of travelers develop diarrhea; incidence depends on the country visited. The attack rate is highest for travelers from a developed country who visit a developing country. Children are at particular risk. Travelers' diarrhea is usually acquired through ingestion of fecally contaminated food and water. Most cases are due to a bacterial pathogen, commonly, Escherichia coli, and occur within the first few days after arrival in a foreign country. More than 90% of episodes develop within the first 2 wk of initiation of travel. Dehydration is the most common complication. Water and electrolyte replenishment is important and can usually be accomplished with an oral rehydration solution. Judicious use of an antimotility agent and antimicrobial therapy reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea. Pretravel education on hygiene and on the safe selection of food items is important in minimizing episodes. Dukoraltrade mark (Aventis Pharma Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand) vaccine should be considered for travelers who are 2 y of age or older and who will be visiting an area associated with risk of infection due to enterotoxigenic E coli or Vibrio cholerae. Typhoid vaccine is recommended for travelers who will be visiting areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.