Abstract
This study aims to identify the travelers’ adoption behavior towards electric vehicles (EVs) using the theoretical background of the Norm Activation Model (NAM) theory. A questionnaire was designed and conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 402 usable samples were obtained. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling methods. The factor analysis confirmed the hypothesis of the statements designed according to the NAM theory, that is, awareness of consequences (AC), ascription of responsibility (AR), and personal norm (PN). Other factor analyses resulted in the following reliable factors: social and economic values (SEV), personal preferences (PP), willingness to buy (Buy), and willingness to use (Use) of an EV. The results of SEM revealed that the AC, AR, and SEV are significant predictors of PN, whereas the PN and PP are also positive predictors of travelers’ willingness to buy and use. The young travelers (≤30 years), motorcycle users, employees, and trip distance (>10 km) have significant and positive correlations with the PN. The car ownership status of travelers has a positive correlation with the ownership and usage of EVs. Suitable behavioral intervention techniques were derived to promote the ownership and usage of EVs in the context of developing regions.
Highlights
In recent decades, environmental pollution has been considered as one of the main causes of global warming, air pollution, and climate change
Descriptive Statistics of the Respondents. e descriptive statistics show that the share of male and single respondents is more in the sample (Table 2). e share of the female working population is quite less in Lahore, resulting in their low share in the model split of Lahore, which justifies the low share of female respondents in the sample. e share of young respondents is high as around 65% of them are below the age of 30 years. e young people make a high proportion of the overall population of Lahore city, so it is believed that this age distribution of the sample is consistent with the population
During the last few years, smog has severely hit the major cities in the winter, which is compelling the governments to close educational institutes and summer leads to severe heat waves which are causing many deaths each season [10]. erefore, it is a national priority to improve the transport sectors which include the diversification of fuel towards sustainable and renewable energy resources
Summary
Environmental pollution has been considered as one of the main causes of global warming, air pollution, and climate change. E transport sector is a major contributor of carbon dioxide (CO2), which emits around 23% of its total emissions [2] and is among the main reasons behind global warming. In this pretext, electric vehicles (EVs) are one of the potential alternatives which can substantially reduce the amount of CO2 emission, provided that the electricity is produced through renewable energy sources [3]. Transport sector is among the three largest sources of CO2 emissions in Pakistan [11]
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