Travail psychanalytique, transfert et maniement du transfert dans la cure des personnes diagnostiquées « psychose » ou « schizophrénie »

Abstract

The possibility of a psychoanalytic treatment or cure in the case of a psychotic patient is the controversial subject of many discussions. We are reminding in this paper Freud's different positions about this subject, in order to show his ambivalence. We examine further the hypotheses and techniques that are proposed by several schools of psychoanalysis and we show how the technical rules of the treatment are resulting mainly of theses hypotheses concerning the etiology and the pathology. The technical rules are inducing a particular position of the analyst, which is different for each school. We assume that these postures are not excluding each other, but they are reflecting particular “moments” of the treatment, or specific “techniques” which are more or less appropriated for each category, we explicit different postures and we match they with these proposed by Freudian, Lacanian or Kleinian authors. The imaginary transference is the one described by Freud in “An Outline of Psychoanalysis”. It represents the transfer on the analyst's person of an early significant figure (imago). We argue the idea that the initial transference of a psychotic person is a transfer of “functions”, as in the R-scheme described by Lacan. The symbolic transference involves the language, i.e. the working out of a delusion. The real transference is the contrary of the neurotic process of “uncovering” the object: it is the one, which grasp the object into the discourse. We argue the idea that there is a possibility of structural mutations between psychosis and neurosis. The structure is conceived as a preferential pattern of relationship (transference) at a “m” moment.