Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be more common in surgical residents than the general population. This may be due to the rigors of a surgical residency. This study aims to compare the prevalence of screening positive for PTSD (PTSD+) among 7 medical specialties. Further, we intend to identify independent risk factors for the development of PTSD. A cross-sectional national survey of residents (n = 1904) was conducted from September 2016 to May 2017. Residents were screened for PTSD. Traumatic stressors were identified in those who reported symptoms of PTSD. Potential risk factors for PTSD were assessed using multivariate regression analysis with stepwise backward elimination against 30 demographic, occupational, psychological, work-life balance, and work-environment variables. Residents from anesthesiology (n = 180), emergency medicine (n = 222), internal medicine (n = 473), general surgery (n = 464), obstetrics and gynecology (n = 226), psychiatry (n = 208), and surgical subspecialties (n = 131) were surveyed. No statistical difference was found in the prevalence of PTSD between specialties. Prevalence ranged from 14% to 23%. Eight independent risk factors for the development of PTSD+ were identified: higher postgraduate year, female gender, public embarrassment, emotional exhaustion, feeling unhealthy, job dissatisfaction, hostile hospital culture, and unsafe patient load. The prevalence of PTSD in surgery residents was not statistically different when compared to those in other medical specialties. However, the overall prevalence of PTSD (20%) remains more than 3 times that of the general population. Overall, 8 risk factors for PTSD were identified. These risk factors varied by specialty. This may highlight the unique challenges of training in each discipline. Specialty specific interventions to improve resident wellness should be emphasized in the development of our young physicians.
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