Traumatic stress experienced by Japanese midwives and its relation to burnout and work engagement.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to: (1) clarify the traumatic stress experienced by Japanese midwives using the Traumatic Stress Scale for Midwives (TSSM); (2) identify the traumatic stress experience with the highest frequency and greatest impact; and (3) clarify the relationship of the frequency and impact of the traumatic stress experience with burnout and work engagement. A quantitative exploratory study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The target midwives were those employed in hospitals, clinics, and midwifery centers throughout Japan. TSSM item 7 "Disregarded oneself when providing care" showed the highest average frequency score (1.70, SD=0.8). TSSM item 2 "Experience of intrauterine fetal death" showed the highest average impact score (2.84, SD=1.2). There was a significant difference in the average scores of frequency and impact of traumatic stress by current workplace, marital status, and living with family members. There was no significant difference in the average scores of frequency and impact of traumatic stress by midwife educational background. The frequency and impact of traumatic stress showed a positive correlation with burnout, but a negative correlation with work engagement. TSSM is a valid measure to determine traumatic stress. It correlated with burnout and work engagement. TSSM may be used to prevent turnover. Additional research to understand traumatic stress is needed.