Trauma-Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Trauma is a noteworthy contributor to death and disability in adults. Its impact can extend to multiple organ systems via complex physiological reactions. This article comprehensively examines the physiological responses that transpire following trauma. It begins with the initial immune and inflammatory responses and advances to the possibility of sepsis and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The article delves into the roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems, the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), and the various stages of sepsis. It emphasizes the importance of early detection and treatment, showcasing the benefit of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) to assess trauma severity and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores to estimate sepsis severity. While acknowledging progress in understanding and identifying trauma-related conditions, the article emphasizes the importance of providing timely and accurate treatment to improve patient’s recovery.