Abstract
BackgroundStatistics from the National Trauma Data Bank imply that discretionary blood alcohol and urine drug testing is common. However, there is little evidence to determine which patients are appropriate for routine testing, based on information available at trauma center arrival. In 2002, Langdorf reported alcohol and illicit drug rates in Trauma Activation Patients.Methodology/Principal FindingsThis is a retrospective investigation of alcohol and illicit drug rates in consecutive St. Elizabeth Health Center (SEHC) trauma patients. SEHC Trauma Activation Patients are compared with the Langdorf Activation Patients and with the SEHC Trauma Nonactivation Patients. Minimum Rates are positive tests divided by total patients (tested and not tested). Activation patients: The minimum alcohol rates were: SEHC 23.1%, Langdorf 28.2%, combined 24.8%. The minimum illicit drug rates were: SEHC 15.7%, Langdorf 23.5, combined 18.3%. The minimum alcohol and/or illicit drug rates were: SEHC 33.4%, Langdorf 41.8%, combined 36.2%. Nonactivation patients: The SEHC minimum alcohol rate was 4.7% and the minimum illicit drug rate was 6.0%.ConclusionsAlcohol and illicit drug rates were significantly greater for Trauma Activation Patients, when compared to Nonactivation Patients. At minimum, Trauma Activation Patients are likely to have a 1-in-3 positive test for alcohol and/or an illicit drug. This substantial rate suggests that Trauma Activation Patients, a readily discernible group at trauma center arrival, are appropriate for routine alcohol and illicit drug testing. However, discretionary testing is more reasonable for Trauma Nonactivation Patients, because minimum rates are low.
Highlights
It is clear that American trauma leadership endorses alcohol and drug testing
Alcohol and illicit drug rates were significantly greater for Trauma Activation Patients, when compared to Nonactivation Patients
Trauma Activation Patients are likely to have a 1-in-3 positive test for alcohol and/or an illicit drug. This substantial rate suggests that Trauma Activation Patients, a readily discernible group at trauma center arrival, are appropriate for routine alcohol and illicit drug testing
Summary
It is clear that American trauma leadership endorses alcohol and drug testing. The inclusion of alcohol and drug results in the NTDB is an indication that the Committee supports alcohol and drug testing. The submission of alcohol and drug results to the NTDB from several hundred trauma centers represents endorsement of alcohol and drug testing by trauma directors. Peer-reviewed publications of alcohol and drug results from the NTDB represent additional evidence that alcohol and drug testing is important [2,3]. The first relevant statement is on page 271: ‘‘Abuse of alcohol and/or other drugs is common to all forms of trauma and is important to identify’’. Statistics from the National Trauma Data Bank imply that discretionary blood alcohol and urine drug testing is common. In 2002, Langdorf reported alcohol and illicit drug rates in Trauma Activation Patients
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