Tratamiento del insomnio

Abstract

IntroductionInsomnia is the most common sleep disorder. It is estimated that 30-40% percent of adults develop insomnia at some point in their life. In 75% of the cases it is associated to a medical condition (most frequently a psychiatric disorder) and in only 25% of the cases is considered an independent disorder. SymptomatologyPatients with insomnia typically complain about difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep as well as impaired daytime function that may include fatigue, concentration and memory impairment, social dysfunction, mood disturbance, irritability, daytime sleepiness and energy reduction. Insomnia is a clinical diagnosis therefore, a sleep history the most important diagnostic tool. TreatmentTreatment options include sleep hygiene, behavioral therapy, and medication. Approved medications used to treat insomnia include benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepine sedatives, melatonin agonists, antidepressants, and orexin antagonists. Behavioral therapies beyond sleep hygiene include stimulus control, relaxation, sleep restriction therapy, cognitive therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.