Tratamiento del cáncer de recto

Abstract

Mortality from rectal cancer continues to be a matter of concern and health impact. Worldwide, colorectal cancer is in 3rd place in terms of incidence. In the United States, for the year 2015, 93,090 new cases of colon cancer and 36,610 of the rectum are calculated. In France, the incidence of rectal cancer currently oscillates at 15,000 new cases per year.1 In Uruguay, the National Cancer Registry of the Honorary Commission for the Fight against Cancer 2014, publishes the results of cancer incidence in Uruguay in the period 2007-2011.2 The incidence of colorectal cancer in men showed incidence figures of 38.07 with a mortality of 19.23 (3rd place behind prostate and lung) and in women an incidence of 27.28 with a mortality of 12.73 ( 2nd place, behind breast) per 100.00 inhabitants respectively. The estimate made for the year 2030 marks an increase in incidence close to 25% for both sexes (according to figures from Globocan WHO). This marks a worrying health reality and demands a joint effort and active policies with a view to improving results. Rectal cancer treatment has undergone major changes in the last 30 years. The introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) in 1982 by R. Heald, associated with the important advances in the field of oncology and radiotherapy have modified the evolution of these patients. The introduction of laparoscopic surgery, new surgical techniques that make it possible to push the limit of sphincter preservation increasingly distal, and the expectations posed by robotic surgery, make distal rectal cancer a current topic. The Advances in associated disciplines such as imaging have allowed precise selection and optimization of treatments.