Tratamiento del cáncer de mama por técnicas mínimamente invasivas

Abstract

We review the state-of-the-art of interventional techniques for breast cancer, as reflected in the literature, and their future prospects as local treatment.There is widespread use of thermal ablation techniques, based on direct application of heat or cold within tumors to destroy them through coagulative necrosis. The main techniques are radiofrequency ablation, high-intensity focused ultrasound, laser, microwave, and cryotherapy. We describe all these techniques and discuss the literature on each of them.Prior diagnosis should include all available imaging techniques, including, if possible, magnetic resonance imaging. Before ablation, it is essential to carry out complete histological analysis of the tumor and lymph node staging.The development of these therapies is closely linked to the ability of imaging studies to identify tumoral spread and plan tumoral destruction. The most widely used techniques for this purpose are ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.There is evidence that infiltrating carcinomas smaller than 2cm can be effectively treated by thermal ablation, especially radiofrequency ablation. Before this option is validated, phase iii clinical trials are required that compare this technique with the gold standard in terms of local progression and overall survival.