Abstract
Quantum vortices are excitations which are spontaneously created in thin superfluid 4He films at low temperatures. They are trapped by impurity atoms. We have calculated microscopically the chemical potentials of 3He and hydrogen isotope impurities as well as vortex creation using a variational many-body wave function. Our results for the vortex core parameters agree with recent Monte Carlo calculations. Those chemical potentials are compared with the energy required to create the vortex excitation around the impurity. We find that the energy gained is ≈4 K at the saturation density of the 2 D 4 He fluid and increases with the density. The unknown parameter in our model is the vortex mass. We discuss two choices; the mass is set equal to the mass of the expelled superfluid volume and secondly the vortex kinetic energy is set equal to zero, which reduces the energy gain by 2 K.
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