Trapping and sorting of active matter in a periodic background potential.

Abstract

We study, numerically, a system of active particles with either a single noise value or a mixture of equal proportions of particles with two noise values under the influence of an attractive periodic background potential, and we observe their diffusion regimes and trapping states. For the single noise system, we show that the slow diffusion is correlated to a significant particle trapping, while normal diffusion is seen for partial or no trapping. Our results indicate that low noise particles are less susceptible to the background, i.e., they have a smaller chance to be trapped as compared to higher noise particles for the same background, and that denser systems achieve a no-trapping state, unless for the largest noise value we studied. For the mixtures, we study the sorting of particles based on their noise value differences and observe that particles with distinct noises are trapped at distinct radii compared to a trap minimum, and, since these radii depend on the density, the latter should be well tuned in order to have an efficient sorting.