Abstract
We show that the second-order optical nonlinearities in the waveguides can be used to implement transversely-pumped counter-propagating optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers. By changing the incident angle of the pump beam, one can tune the output frequency in a large range. For the optimal semiconductor structure and with the presence of the horizontal and vertical cavities, the threshold pump powers for the oscillation can be as low as /spl sim/100 /spl mu/W. There is no threshold for amplifying the incident beam. Combining the oscillators or amplifiers with vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, it is feasible for us to implement compact and efficient electrically-pumped mid-infrared light sources or amplifiers. The quasiphase matching is achieved by spatially modulating second-order susceptibility along the growth direction based on semiconductor alternating thin layers or asymmetric quantum well domain structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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