Abstract
We report on fabrication of tubular optical waveguides buried in ZBLAN glass based on transverse femtosecond laser direct writing. Irradiation in ZBLAN with focused femtosecond laser pulses leads to decrease of refractive index in the modified region. Tubular optical waveguides of variable mode areas are fabricated by forming the four sides of the cladding with slit-shaped femtosecond laser pulses, ensuring single mode waveguiding with a mode field dimension as small as ~4 μm.
Highlights
ZBLAN glass has a superior infrared transmittance, low refractive index (1.50), low dispersion and a low temperature dependence of refractive index. It has been reported by Lancaster et al that the refractive index change induced by femtosecond laser irradiation in ZBLAN glass can reach a value between ~−1.5 × 10−3 to ~−1 × 10−3, which is sufficient to form the cladding for constructing tubular waveguides[9]
We have demonstrated fabrication of tubular waveguides buried in glass using transverse femtosecond laser writing scheme
Based on the slit-beam shaping technique developed by Cheng et al.[18], we show that the tubular waveguides of variable cross sectional dimensions can be achieved
Summary
It has been reported by Lancaster et al that the refractive index change induced by femtosecond laser irradiation in ZBLAN glass can reach a value between ~−1.5 × 10−3 to ~−1 × 10−3, which is sufficient to form the cladding for constructing tubular waveguides[9]. 9, the loss in the tubular waveguides written in ZBLAN glass by femtosecond laser is synergistically determined by the thickness and the refractive index change of the cladding as well as the size of mode area.
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