Abstract
We investigate the leading-twist transverse momentum-dependent distribution functions (TMDs) for a physical electron, a spin-1/2 composite system consisting of a bare electron and a photon, using the Basis Light-front Quantization (BLFQ) framework. The light-front wave functions of the physical electron are obtained from the eigenvectors of the light-front QED Hamiltonian. We evaluate the TMDs using the overlaps of the light-front wave functions. The BLFQ results are found to be in excellent agreement with those TMDs calculated using lowest-order perturbation theory.
Highlights
A key tool for studying hadron structure is the deep inelastic scattering process, where individual partons are resolved
It can be noticed that in the transverse direction the basis light-front quantization (BLFQ) results oscillate around the perturbative results, which can be viewed as a proxy for the experiment data in quantum electrodynamics (QED)
Nmax and K are truncation parameters introduced by our calculation method, so their effects must be studied to differentiate between truncation artifacts and the underlying physics extracted from the BLFQ results
Summary
A key tool for studying hadron structure is the deep inelastic scattering process, where individual partons are resolved. The transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) [5,6,7] provide essential information about the distributions of both the longitudinal momentum fraction (x) and the relative transverse momentum ðk⊥Þ as well as the orbital motion of partons inside hadrons, allowing us to draw three-dimensional pictures of the hadrons. They appear in the description of semi-inclusive reactions like the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) [8,9]
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