Abstract
Electric and magnetic modes establish the basis of the localized spoof surface plasmons (LSSPs), both of which are transverse electric (TE) modes. In this paper, the concept of transverse magnetic (TM) modes of LSSPs is proposed, and the double-layer planar-circular-grating resonator is demonstrated to support the TM modes in addition to the TE modes. In numerical simulations, the TE and TM modes were excited by a plane wave and an aperture, respectively, and their resonant frequencies and electromagnetic field distributions were demonstrated to be different. The electric field of the TE mode is parallel to the grating, while the magnetic field of the TM mode is parallel to the grating. In experiments, multiple TE and TM LSSPs modes were excited by a magnetic coupler. The magnetic coupler can be rotated to distinguish the TM modes from the TE ones, which provides conclusive evidence of the existence of the TM modes. Compared with the TE LSSPs modes, the TM LSSPs modes have the advantages of high sensitivity to the distance between layers and high quality factors (Q-factors), which hold promise for providing improvements on compact applications of LSSPs. Based on the proposed concept, therefore, the classification standard of the LSSPs is expanded to make it more scientific and comprehensive.
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