Transverse drilling-induced tensile fractures in the West Tuna area, Gippsland Basin, Australia: implications for the in situ stress regime

Abstract

Drilling-induced tensile fractures (DITFs) have been interpreted on image logs from vertical wells in the Gippsland Basin, offshore southeastern Australia. Interpreted axial (vertical) DITFs have previously been well described worldwide. We also interpret transverse (horizontal) DITFs, which are horizontal fractures that are electrically conductive, non-planar, bimodal and constrained to the tensile region of the wellbore . Elasticity theory predicts formation of both transverse and axial drilling-induced tensile fractures (DITFs) in vertical wells depending on the magnitude of the principal in situ stresses , pore-pressure and mudweight. Drilling-induced tensile fractures initiate in very specific stress environments. Axial DITFs can closely constrain a lower bound to the maximum horizontal stress ( S H max ) magnitude where the minimum horizontal ( S h min ) stress is known. If transverse DITFs are observed, they can constrain a lower bound to maximum and minimum horizontal stress magnitudes. The observation of transverse DITFs on image logs can constrain the stress field to one on the border of strike-slip and reverse faulting ( S H max ⪢ S h min ∼ S v ) without requiring knowledge of the S h min or S H max magnitude. The observation of transverse DITFs in the West Tuna area combined with wireline log data, leak-off tests and pore pressure data are used to constrain the in situ stress tensor. The interpreted in situ stress tensor lies on the border of a strike-slip and reverse faulting regime ( S H max ∼40.5 MPa/km> S h min ≈ S v ∼21 MPa/km). Interpreted data from leak-off tests in the West Tuna area confirm that S h min ∼ S v .