Transurethral Needle Ablation of the Prostate: A Minimally Invasive Treatment for Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Abstract

Transurethral needle ablation of the prostate, a relatively new minimally invasive treatment modality for patients with bladder outlet obstruction attributable to an enlarged prostate gland, has undergone extensive evaluation by numerous investigators worldwide. The results to date indicate that needle ablation is safe and effective for relieving symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the effect has been demonstrated to be durable for at least 2 years. Nevertheless, additional investigations with longer follow-up data are needed to address the important issues of extended durability (5 to 10 years) and biophysiologic mechanism of action. Comparisons between transurethral needle ablation of the prostate and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) have revealed that the subjective and objective measures of response are comparable, although TURP has consistently displayed a slight advantage over needle ablation for most variables analyzed, except quality of life score. The advantages of needle ablation over TURP are (1) performance in the office as an outpatient procedure, (2) no need for general or spinal anesthesia, (3) rapid recovery, (4) minimal side effects, and (5) one-time intervention. The following disadvantages exist with needle ablation: (1) it may not be indicated or effective in patients with large prostate glands (75 g or more); (2) no prostate tissue is available for histologic evaluation; and (3) no long-term efficacy or re-treatment rate data have been published. Overall, the available information indicates that transurethral needle ablation is a viable minimally invasive treatment that may be applicable in men with moderate to severe bladder outlet obstruction as a result of an enlarged prostate gland.