Abstract
The authors assessed the efficacy of transscleral and transcorneal iontophoresis of ketoconazole as a method of drug delivery to the aqueous humor, vitreous, and cornea of the rabbit eye. Transscleral iontophoresis (4–6 mAmps for 15 minutes) achieved peak ketoconazole concentrations in the aqueous 1 hour after treatment (10.2 μg/ml) and remained at fungicidal therapeutic concentrations for 8 hours; in the vitreous, a peak concentration of 0.1 μg/ml occurred between 1 and 2 hours posttreatment. Transcorneal iontophoresis (1.5 mAmps for 15 minutes) achieved peak corneal concentrations of 27.6 μg/ml and peak aqueous concentrations of 1.4 μg/ml, both 1 hour after Iontophoresis. Fungicidal therapeutic drug concentrations were sustained for 2 hours both in the cornea and in the aqueous. These concentrations were compared with those obtained after subconjunctival injection (peak values): 0.8 μg/ml in aqueous, 5.9 μg/ml in cornea, and 0.7 μg/ml in vitreous, all within 1 hour of injection. Aqueous and corneal concentrations were significantly higher after transscleral and transcorneal iontophoresis than subconjunctival injection (P < 0.05). Iontophoresis is proposed as an effective means of delivering high concentrations of ketoconazole to the anterior segment of the eye.
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