Abstract
Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) is a transporter protein that represent tumor antigen in the MHC I or HLA complex. Any defect in the TAP1 gene resulting in inadequate tumor tracking. TAP1 influences multidrug resistance (MDR) in human cancer cell lines and hinders the treatment during chemotherapeutic. The association of TAP1 in cancer progression remains mostly unknown and further study of the gene in relation with cancer need to conduct. Thus, the study has designed to analyze the association between the TAP1 with cancer by computationally. The expression pattern of the gene has determined by using ONCOMINE, GENT2, and GEPIA2 online platforms. The protein level of TAP1 was examined by the help of Human Protein Atlas. Samples with different clinical outcomes were investigated to evaluate the expression and promoter methylation in cancer vs. normal tissues by using UALCAN server. The copy number alteration, mutation frequency, and expression level of the gene in different cancer were analyzed by using cBioPortal server. The PrognoScan and KM plotter platforms were used to perform the survival analysis and represented graphically. Additionally, pathway and gene ontology (GO) features correlated to the TAP1 gene were analyzed and presented by bar charts. After arranging the data in a single panel like correlating expression to prognosis, mutational and alterations characteristic, and pathways analysis, we observed some interesting insights that emphasized the importance of the gene in cancer progression. The study found the relationship between the TAP1 expression pattern and prognosis in different cancer tissues and shows how TAP1 affects the clinical characteristics. The analytical data presented in the study is vital to learn about the effect of TAP1 in tumor tissue, where previously studies showing contradicting expression of TAP1 in cancer tissue. The analyzed data can also be utilized further to evade the threats against chemotherapy. Overall, the study provided a new aspect to consider the role of TAP1 gene in cancer progression and survival status.Key messages• This study demonstrated, for the first time, a correlation between the TAP1 gene and tumor progression.• An upregulation of TAP1 mRNA was demonstrated in various cancer types.• This study reported a significant negative correlation for TAP1 gene expression and the survival rate in different cancer types.
Highlights
IntroductionIn 2018, the global cancer death rate was estimated to be about 9.6 million [1], and in 2020, 606,520 cases of deaths were estimated in the United States (US) alone [2]
Cancer has become a major contributor to mortality worldwide
We explored the expression of Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) protein derived from antibody-based protein profiling using immunochemistry for the different cancer tissues and their counterpart normal tissues (Fig. 3)
Summary
In 2018, the global cancer death rate was estimated to be about 9.6 million [1], and in 2020, 606,520 cases of deaths were estimated in the United States (US) alone [2] At this condition, the significance of finding better treatments is very high, even though we have options like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy, but have some limitations [3]. Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) protein resides in the ABCB (ATP binding cassette subfamily B member) subfamily [4]. When TAP exports the antigenic peptides to the ER, the major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) are able to present the antigenic peptides on the surface of the host cell. These displayed peptides are recognized by the T-lymphocytes and are inspected. A previous study proposed that TAP could be used as a cancer treatment via immunotherapy due to its importance in the peptide-MHC I complex and as it elevated the immune response [9]
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