Transporte verde: eficiencia y reducción de CO2 integrando gestión, tecnologías de información y comunicaciones (TIC) y un metaheurístico

Abstract

Introduction. Transportation represents a ratio between 30 % and 70 % of total logistic costs, plus a direct impact on client´s satisfaction. It is also a considerable source of CO2 emissions, thus affecting the environment. Objective. Design and validate a model for green transportation management, increasing the process´ efficiency, reducing CO2 emissions and implementing environmentally friendly green practices in this logistic process. Materials and methods. The Green transportation model integrates a management component (objectives, strategy and characterization), information and communication technologies (ICT) and a mathematical modeling of the routing problem that considers a fleet of heterogeneous trucks, solved by the use of a metaheuristic. Results. In the validation in a meat company the solution to the routing problem was achieved by means of a genetic algorithm, through which the process´ efficiency increased up to a ratio between 9,89 and 12, 86 %, reducing transportation time in the routes in 4410 minutes a month if compared to the routing rule the company had before. With a green model, a reduction of 2791 kg of CO2, equivalent to 11,70 % of the current emissions generated by transportation there, was achieved. This way, we can have a quantitative assessment of the contribution the green transportation management model makes to this research area, to the efficiency of the process and to environmentally friendly practices.