Abstract
Abstract This paper analyzes the Granger-causality between transportation sector and CO2 emissions in the US. We find evidence of a weak nexus between transport environment pollution and transportation infrastructure in US across almost all time horizons. Further, evidence shows that there is a heterogeneous lead-lag nexus across wavelet scales for the entire period of the study, suggesting a bidirectional causal effect for transport CO2 emissions versus transportation sector indicators after removing the influence of TE–IN–EP factor. We also find from the partial wavelet coherency that the transport CO2 emissions were leading at short and medium-run horizons approximately after 2009.
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