Abstract
Radial electric field, E r , is obtained by imposing the ambipolar condition or solving the electric field diffusion equation in the transport code for Heliotron E. The latter approach usually gives a little smaller | E r | than the former one. In the context of neoclassical transport theory toroidal and poloidal ion flow are also calculated and compared consistently with measured ion flow velocities at r / a ≃0.7∼0.8 in Heliotron E ECRH experiments. Positive electric field is realized in the low density regime \(\bar{n}\lesssim1\times10^{19}\) m -3 with a high heating power. E r changes from positive to negative according to the increase of the density. It is pointed out that the edge anomalous transport is essential to obtain the positive E r in the stationary state, which is different from Kovrizhnykh's conjecture that E r is negative or small positive within the neoclassical diffusion theory.
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