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Abstract
Photorespiration (PR) is a metabolic repair pathway that acts in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms to degrade a toxic product of oxygen fixation generated by the enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Within the metabolic pathway, energy is consumed and carbon dioxide released. Consequently, PR is seen as a wasteful process making it a promising target for engineering to enhance plant productivity. Transport and channel proteins connect the organelles accomplishing the PR pathway—chloroplast, peroxisome, and mitochondrion—and thus enable efficient flux of PR metabolites. Although the pathway and the enzymes catalyzing the biochemical reactions have been the focus of research for the last several decades, the knowledge about transport proteins involved in PR is still limited. This review presents a timely state of knowledge with regard to metabolite channeling in PR and the participating proteins. The significance of transporters for implementation of synthetic bypasses to PR is highlighted. As an excursion, the physiological contribution of transport proteins that are involved in C4 metabolism is discussed.
Highlights
The Photorespiratory MetabolismOxygenic photosynthesis builds the foundation of life on earth
The results suggest that the DiT1/OMT transporter activity needs to be regulated in close coordination with photosynthesis [97]
Transport proteins connect the cellular compartments involved in PR metabolism and enable efficient metabolite flow
Summary
Oxygenic photosynthesis builds the foundation of life on earth. By the action of the photosynthesis apparatus, energy from the sun is harvested and converted into chemical energy, with oxygen (O2 ) as a byproduct. By the concerted action of nine enzymatic steps (Figure 1), the metabolic repair pathway leads to the detoxification of 2-PG and recycles 75% of the carbon contained in 2-PG to regenerate. By the concerted action of nine enzymatic steps (Figure 1), the metabolic repair pathway leads to the detoxification of 2-PG and recycles 75% of the carbon contained in 2-PG to regenerate 3-PGA, which is resupplied to the Calvin–Benson (CB). BOU is likely involved in mitochondrial is facilitated by an unknown transporter protein This applies to the import into the peroxisome. Serine is deaminated glutamate transport and functionally linked with glycine-to-serine conversion. For the subsequent of this facilitated by an unknown transporter protein
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