Transport of potassium at the blood-brain barrier.

Abstract

1. The pial surface of different regions of the central nervous system of the rabbit have been bathed with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.), containing different concentrations of potassium. The object has been to change the composition of the interstitial fluid with respect to this ion, where it is adjacent to subarachnoid c.s.f.2. Two techniques, subarachnoid perfusion from the supracallosal space between the hemispheres to the cisterna magna and barbotage from the cisterna magna, have been used. If the artificial c.s.f. contains Evans Blue, the former procedure results in maximum staining of the pia and underlying nervous tissue of the pons-medulla and spinal cord. The latter procedure results in maximum staining of the medial and supero-lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres, particularly anteriorly.3. During subarachnoid perfusion at 0.06 ml./min with the potassium-free fluid, most regions of the brain took up significantly greater amounts of (42)K than was the case during perfusion with the fluids containing 3 and 10 m-equiv/l. For blue cerebral cortex, the tissue subjected directly to the inflowing fluid and showing the biggest differences, the ratios, c.p.m. per g brain/c.p.m. per ml. plasma, were 1.71 +/- 0.12 (+44%), 1.19 +/- 0.05 and 1.07 +/- 0.08 (-10%) during perfusion with the fluids containing, 0, 3 and 10 m-equiv/l. respectively.4. During barbotage, the uptake of (42)K into pons-medulla and spinal cord from blood plasma, the concentration in the latter being effectively kept near constant, was, at the end of 2 hr, greater when the fluid contained potassium, 0 m=-equiv/l. rather than 10 m-equiv/l. Thus the ratio, c.p.m per g brain/c.p.m. per ml. plasma was (0.99 +/- 0.04 (+36%) as against 0.73 +/- 0.05 for pons-medulla where the difference was greatest.5. Simultaneous measurements of the entry of [(14)C]urea from blood to different regions of the central nervous system revealed no significant differences due to the differing concentrations of potassium imposed by either barbotage or subarachnoid perfusion. This appears to exclude a non-specific cause for the changes in (42)K uptake, an example of which might be a changing blood flow.6. Reasons are given for supposing that the big increase in (42)K uptake due to the potassium-free fluid must be due to events occurring at the blood-brain barrier. This might be some form of interaction, possibly the single file effect, such that a low potassium concentration in the interstitial fluid potentiates (42)K influx across the blood-brain barrier. Alternatively it might be due to a low potassium concentration in this fluid greatly reducing active potassium movement from interstitial fluid to blood. The former explanation would conform neatly with the present results; but the latter would additionally be compatible with other evidence concerning the homoeostasis of potassium concentration in c.s.f. and the interstitial fluid of brain.