Abstract
The neutrino opacity of neutron stars from the charged-current processes ..nu..+n+n..-->..n+p+ie, n+p+e+nu-bar..-->..n+n and from the neutral-current processes ..nu..+n..--> nu..+n, nu-bar+n..-->..nu-bar+n is calculated. For temperatures of a few MeV, the mean free path of even zero-energy neutrinos is found to be smaller than the radius of a neutron star. The mean opacity appropriate to the diffusion limit of the Boltzmann equation is calculated, and the characteristic cooling time for a hot (approx.10 MeV) neutron star is found to be about 1 minute. Transport of degenerate neutrinos in the lepton-rich era of a newly formed neutron star is also investigated. Opaticies due to the processes ..nu..+n..-->..p+e, nu-bar+p+e..-->..n, ..nu..+n..--> nu..+n, and nu-bar+n..-->..nu-bar+n are calculated in the presence of a neutrino chemical potential. for a wide range of chemical potentials, the characteristic time for diffusion of neutrinos out of the star is in the range of 1 s.
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