Abstract
A direct method is suggested for measurement of fluxes of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions through ion-exchange membranes under overlimiting modes of electrodialysis. Fluxes of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are measured for different immobilized membrane ions and counterions. The important role of counterions in generation of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions is shown. Exponential decrease in fluxes of hydroxyl or hydrogen ions is established at an increase in the Gibbs energy of counterion hydration.
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