Abstract
Nuclear stopping in heavy-ion collisions over a beam energy range from SIS and AGS up to SPS is studied in the framework of the modified Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics transport model, in which mean field potentials of both formed and ``preformed'' hadrons (from string fragmentation) and medium-modified nucleon-nucleon elastic cross sections are considered. It is found that nuclear stopping is influenced by both the stiffness of the equation of state and medium modifications of nucleon-nucleon cross sections at SIS energies. At high SPS energies, a two-bump structure is shown in the experimental rapidity distribution of free protons, which can be understood by considering the preformed hadron potentials.
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