Abstract
The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the Podocnemis expansa nest transplantation technique used to aid in the conservation of the species, aiming to increase the number of individuals in nature. The Amazonian turtle is famous for its large size and commercial attractiveness, being the target of rampant hunting, mainly by populations that depend on the species economically. In September 2018, natural nests of P. expansa that were in areas of flood risk were excavated and transplanted into new nests constructed by the team. At the same time, the breeding females had their dimensions verified, as well as their respective eggs. In the second stage of the experiment, which occurred in November of the same year, the nests previously transplanted were counted, including the amount of eggshell, indicating how many eggs hatched, and measuring the size of the newborns, besides the presence of deformities. The sand collected from the bottom and surface of the natural and transplanted nests were analyzed by sieving. Through Pearson's correlation, the data were tested and related. No significant relationships were found between the birth rate and the grain size of the nests, which shows that grain size did not influence the success of hatching in the present study. It was found a strong relation (r = 0.80) between the number of eggs and the percentage of deformities of each transplanted nest, showing that the presence of deformed individuals in turtle nests is natural.
Highlights
The Amazon is the largest biome in the Brazilian territory, occupying around 4,196,943 km2 (IBGE, 2004)
In Brazil, there are 36 of the 355 species of Testudines recognized by the world (VAN DIJK et al, 2014), comprising about 11% of the world fauna (MARTINS; SANO, 2004), most of which are present in the Brazilian Amazon (VAN DIJK et al, 2014)
The Testudines are recognizable reptiles because they present a peculiar character and that is related to the evolutionary success of the group: the carapace. This highly differentiated apparatus is used to protect these animals since it consists of ossifications that cover the dorsal and ventral regions of the animal's body (POUGH et al, 2003). This group has already presented numerous populations, which resulted in great ecological influences exerted by the testudines, among them; they carry out the dispersion and promote the germination of seeds, act as soil bioturbators and miners of the marine soil, besides working in the cycling of nutrients and as consumers. (LOVICH et al, 2018)
Summary
The Amazon is the largest biome in the Brazilian territory, occupying around 4,196,943 km (IBGE, 2004). Within this area, it covers the famous Amazon Basin, recognized as the largest river basin in the world, containing a large number of tributary rivers. The Testudines are recognizable reptiles because they present a peculiar character and that is related to the evolutionary success of the group: the carapace This highly differentiated apparatus is used to protect these animals since it consists of ossifications that cover the dorsal and ventral regions of the animal's body (POUGH et al, 2003). This group has already presented numerous populations, which resulted in great ecological influences exerted by the testudines, among them; they carry out the dispersion and promote the germination of seeds, act as soil bioturbators and miners of the marine soil, besides working in the cycling of nutrients and as consumers. (LOVICH et al, 2018)
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