Abstract
As one of the problems and diseases for women before 40 years, premature ovarian failure (POF) could be characterized by amenorrhea, low estrogen levels, infertility, high gonadotropin levels, and lack of mature follicles. Causes of the disease involve some genetic disorders, autoimmunity diseases, and environmental factors. Various approaches have been employed to treat POF, however with limited success. Today, stem cells are used to treat POF, since they have the potential to self-repair and regenerate, and are effective in treating ovarian failure and infertility. As mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) could simultaneously activate several mechanisms, many researchers consider MSC transplantation to be the best and most effective approach in cell therapy. A good source for mesenchymal stem cells is human umbilical cord (HUCMSC). Animal models with cyclophosphamide are required for stem cell treatment and performance of HUCMSC transplantation. Stem cell therapy could indicate the levels of ovarian markers and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. It also increases ovarian weight, plasma E2 levels, and the amount of standard follicles. Herein, the causes of POF, effective treatment strategies, and the effect of HUCMSC transplantation for the treatment of premature ovarian failure are reviewed. Many studies have been conducted in this field, and the results have shown that stem cell treatment is an effective approach to treat infertility.
Highlights
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is one of the problems and diseases for women’s reproductive health, the frequency of which has increased in recent years [1, 2]
The results showed that Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUCMSC)-MV transplantation can increase weight of the body, enhance the amount of ovarian follicles, stimulate ovarian angiogenesis, and restore the unstable estrous cycle of Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) mice [188]
The results showed that human umbilical cord blood (HCB)-mesen‐ chymal stem cell (MSC) were capable of restoring ovarian function following paclitaxel injection [190]
Summary
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is one of the problems and diseases for women’s reproductive health, the frequency of which has increased in recent years [1, 2]. POF is among the leading causes of female infertility prior to 40 years of age [3–5] and is characterized by amenorrhea, low estrogen levels, infertility, high gonadotropin levels, and lack of mature follicles [6–9]. These patients often have abnormal karyotypes, low levels of. Folliculogenesis is an organized and orderly process during which follicles grow, develop, and are prepared Several genetic disorders, including Turner syndrome, disorder in X chromosome, fragile X syndrome, and autosomal gene mutation, have been observed in POF cases [13, 35–46]. The block in full production The follicles appear as follicular atresia [49, 50]
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