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Abstract
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder. Therapeutically, a transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) can play a beneficial role in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. However, the relevant mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.Main bodySubsequent to the transplantation of BMMSCs, memory loss and cognitive impairment were significantly improved in animal models with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Potential mechanisms involved neurogenesis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, immunomodulation, etc. The above mechanisms might play different roles at certain stages. It was revealed that the transplantation of BMMSCs could alter some gene levels. Moreover, the differential expression of representative genes was responsible for neuropathological phenotypes in Alzheimer’s disease, which could be used to construct gene-specific patterns.ConclusionsMultiple signal pathways involve therapeutic mechanisms by which the transplantation of BMMSCs improves cognitive and behavioral deficits in AD models. Gene expression profile can be utilized to establish statistical regression model for the evaluation of therapeutic effect. The transplantation of autologous BMMSCs maybe a prospective therapy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Highlights
Quality assessment of the included studies Systematic review on therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells for Alzheimer’s disease was summarized according to animal species, sources of mesenchymal stem cells, cognitive improvement, route of delivery, position of delivery, mechanisms, and so on (Supplementary table)
The results indicated that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) could alleviate the memory loss, behavioral deficits and neuropathology
The present study aims to explore the potential mechanisms by which the transplantation of BMMSCs improves cognitive and behavioral deficits in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease, which can lay a foundation for the clinical application of autologous BMMSCs in AD patients
Summary
Quality assessment of the included studies Systematic review on therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells for Alzheimer’s disease was summarized according to animal species, sources of mesenchymal stem cells, cognitive improvement, route of delivery, position of delivery, mechanisms, and so on (Supplementary table). General characteristics of the included studies in the meta-analysis were reflected by source of transplanted stem cells, amount of transplanted stem cells, species of recipient animals, gender ratio of recipients, age or body weight of recipients, route of delivery, position of delivery, and sustainability of transplanted stem cells (Table 2). Main body: Subsequent to the transplantation of BMMSCs, memory loss and cognitive impairment were significantly improved in animal models with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is manifested by the decreased number of neurons and synapses in cerebral regions, resulted in different degrees of memory loss and cognitive impairment. As compared with the general aging brain, many plaques and tangles in patients with AD are discovered in specific brain regions such as temporal lobe and hippocampus [3, 4]
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