Transpedicular Fixation of Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures

Abstract

The most frequent surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fractures is still the Harrington rod system despite some adverse effects, the most serious being the locking of five to seven segments. The new pedicular fixation modifications suggested by Magerl and Dick lock only two segments and give far better stability of the fractures. Used internally, the system is convenient for the patient, permitting early mobilization, often without any external support. The instrument, called the "posterior segmental fixator" (PSF), is used both as a reduction device and as a fixation device. The injured vertebra is grafted through the pedicle, giving security against late collapse after device removal. Twenty patients treated with this method had an average follow-up period of ten months. The primary reduction attains 88% of the calculated height of the injured vertebra, with only a few percent loss during follow-up time. Clearance of fragments in the spinal canal, diagnosed with computed tomography scan in eight patients, was successfully accomplished in all but one, with only distraction or reduction of the fragment through a limited laminotomy. The instrumentation in these cases was lateral to the dura. Nine patients with neurologic deficits improved and could walk without support or with crutches within a few months. One patient with complete paraplegia remained unchanged.