Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease, or peripheral artery disease (PAD), is a chronic and debilitating disease that affects millions of people worldwide. PAD is associated with abnormal arterial narrowing, specifically outside of the heart and brain. PAD is primarily observed in the legs, but it can also affect the kidneys, arms, and neck. Patients with PAD often complain of acute leg pain that occurs when walking. However, the pain resolves with rest. The phenomenon of acute pain due to narrowed arteries is known as intermittent claudication. Common symptoms of PAD include abnormal hair and nail growth, bluish skin, skin ulcers, and cold skin. Untreated and unmanaged PAD can lead to serious complications such as tissue infection or necrosis, which in turn could lead to amputation. In rare cases, PAD may cause a stroke or coronary artery disease.Among all the management options available, the endovascular approach remains the recommended and the gold standard nowadays. In this paper, we examine and analyze the transpedal and tibiopedal retrograde revascularization in PAD patients in which the conventional antegrade approach is not successful intra-operatively with emphasis on the challenges and postoperative complications. It also correlates the different studies and its outcomes with an up-to-date worldwide results.
Highlights
BackgroundAn estimated 200 million people worldwide are affected by peripheral artery disease (PAD), though most of them remain asymptomatic [1]
We examine and analyze the transpedal and tibiopedal retrograde revascularization in PAD patients in which the conventional antegrade approach is not successful intraoperatively with emphasis on the challenges and postoperative complications
After stroke and coronary artery disease, PAD is the third-most common issue associated with atherosclerosis [3]
Summary
An estimated 200 million people worldwide are affected by peripheral artery disease (PAD), though most of them remain asymptomatic [1]. Surgical revisions are associated with several complications and limitations such as long procedure time, high rates of nerve injury, bleeding, long duration of hospitalization, wound and graft infection, and increased pain Endovascular approaches, such as transpedal angiography, are considered safer. The challenge of such approaches arises when patients present with popliteal or infrapopliteal arteries [17] In such complex cases, retrograde access is not possible, and, transpedal approach is unsuitable. In the context of transpedal approach, a low rate of artery access-site complications is considered the main advantage over conventional surgical approaches. In cases where transpedal and tibiopedal endovascular approaches fail, surgeons would prefer the conventional femoral artery puncture approach. The transpedal and tibiopedal endovascular approaches may have several limitations, and the treatment should be applied based on individual case scenarios [15]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
