Transparent Self-Healing Anti-Freezing Ionogel for Monolayered Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Electromagnetic Energy-Based Touch Panel.

Abstract

The advent of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence era necessitates the advancement of self-powered electronics. However, prevalent multifunctional electronics still face great challenges in rigid electrodes, stacked layers, and external power sources to restrict the development in flexible electronics. Here, a transparent, self-healing, anti-freezing (TSA) ionogel composed of fluorine-rich ionic liquid and fluorocarbon elastomer, which is engineered for monolayered triboelectric nanogenerators (M-TENG) and electromagnetic energy-based touch panels is developed. Notably, the TSA-ionogel exhibits remarkable features including outstanding transparency (90%), anti-freezing robustness (253 K), impressive stretchability (600%), and repetitive self-healing capacity. The resultant M-TENG achieves a significant output power density (200mW m-2 ) and sustains operational stability beyond 1 year. Leveraging this remarkable performance, the M-TENG is adeptly harnessed for biomechanical energy harvesting, self-powered control interface, electroluminescent devices, and enabling wireless control over electrical appliances. Furthermore, harnessing Faraday's induction law and exploiting human body's intrinsic antenna properties, the TSA-ionogel seamlessly transforms into an autonomous multifunctional epidermal touch panel. This touch panel offers impeccable input capabilities through word inscription and participation in the Chinese game of Go. Consequently, the TSA-ionogel's innovation holds the potential to reshape the trajectory of next-generation electronics and profoundly revolutionize the paradigm of human-machine interaction.