Abstract
A redox reaction between a monolayer of electron–donor molecules, tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene, and the indium tin oxide (ITO) surface results in a decrease of the ITO work function down to 3.7eV. The modified ITO surface may be used as electron injecting electrode in polymer light-emitting devices. Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that the low-work-function of the modified electrode remains upon exposure to air or gentle annealing; thus, making it a good candidate for inexpensive fabrication of organic/polymeric (opto)electronic devices.
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