Abstract
First ever transparent bendable secondary zinc-air batteries were fabricated. Transparent stainless-steel mesh was utilized as the current collector for the electrodes due to its reliable mechanical stability and electrical conductivity. After which separate methods were used to apply the active redox species. For the preparation of the anode, zinc was loaded by an electroplating process to the mesh. For the cathode, catalyst ink solution was spray coated with an airbrush for desired dimensions. An alkaline gel electrolyte layer was used for the electrolyte. Microscale domain control of the materials becomes a crucial factor for fabricating transparent batteries. As for the presented cell, anionic exchange polymer layer has been uniquely incorporated on to the cathode mesh as the separator which becomes a key procedure in the fabrication process for obtaining the desired optical properties of the battery. The ionic resin is applied in a fashion where controlled voids exist between the openings of the grid which facilitates light passage while guaranteeing electrical insulation between the electrodes. Further analysis correlates the electrode dimensions to the transparency of the system. Recorded average light transmittance is 48.8% in the visible light region and exhibited a maximum power density of 9.77 mW/cm2. The produced battery shows both transparent and flexible properties while maintaining a stable discharge/charge operation.
Highlights
In light of these rising needs, few preceding researches have attempted to fabricate such systems
While numerous transparent conductors have been reported such as indium tin oxide (ITO)[21], silver nanowire networks (Ag NW)[22] and conductive polymers[23], the use of these materials were inhibited because the conductor should be optically clear and the redox materials utilized should maintain transparency
The transparent mesh attracts application as a more reliable option compared to the inherent wide-spreading and the less mechanically durable nature of other competing current collectors (e.g., ITO, Ag NW and etc.)
Summary
In light of these rising needs, few preceding researches have attempted to fabricate such systems Their operations were limited to very specific usage for in vivo situations[2], or the electrochromic nature hindered true optical clarity during the charged states[3]. The ZAB system withholds numerous advantages such as: high energy density, abundance of raw materials and minimal safety concerns[6,7,8,9]. These aspects have led to the selection of this particular redox pair as the development basis for the presented research. By fabricating with different redox pairs allows the versatility and extension of the technique towards developing similar products with similar characteristics
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