Abstract
Prowadzenie badań nad migracjami klimatycznymi w perspektywie prawnej powinno mieć na uwadze zarówno trudności, jak i korzyści łączenia rożnych metod i podejść do istotnych potrzeb migrantów. Z tego powodu, aby właściwie wykorzystać instytucje prawne, zwłaszcza w ramach prawa międzynarodowego i jego implementacji, szczególnie ważne wydaje się zrozumienie ich wewnętrznych celów i warunków stosowania. Analiza argumentów podnoszonych przez sądy, w szczególności w odniesieniu do konwencji genewskiej z 1951 r., wskazuje na trudności w adaptacji do kwestii migracji klimatycznych rozwiązań prawnych, które kształtowały się w innej przestrzeni politycznej. W artykule podjęto zatem próbę sprawdzenia, w jaki sposób i według jakich kryteriów można łączyć rożne narzędzia prawne w pluralistycznym i odpowiadającym aktualnym potrzebom podejściu do migracji klimatycznych.
Highlights
In this paper, we wish to analyze the legal arguments developed in the field of climate change migrations, mainly within international law
The analysis of the arguments used by the courts, in particular in relation to the Geneva Convention of 1951, shows difficulties in adapting to issues related to climate change, which took shape in different legal circumstances
Parallel to the line of thought centered on global governance to protect the refugee that we just considered in brief, we focus on the status of the migrant in international law
Summary
We wish to analyze the legal arguments developed in the field of climate change migrations, mainly within international law. The Convention, even after the protocol, is grounded on the assumptions of the chain of documents and acts which led to its enactment They affected: a) the description of the events, according to which the question of refugees was a temporary phenomenon, and the drivers of refugees were the actions carried out by a circumscribed number of states; b) the value given to the events, entailing a negative judgement of the states from which the refugee came, and the evidence that requires the well-founded fear of persecution; c) concerning the impact on reality, the suitability of the model of the Convention was related to the rights of the refugee, including the prohibition of expulsion or return: the “non refoulement”;29 d) for this reason, in terms of the policy of law, the elements mentioned before, led from one side to the generalization of the model of Geneva Convention; from the other, they led to the attempts to recognize the status of refugee to climate migrants, which is happening at present.
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