Abstract
The purpose of this article is first to describe the development and content of a transmural care model in the rehabilitation sector, which aims to reduce the number and severity of health problems of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and improve the continuity of care. Second, the purpose is to describe the applicability and implementation experiences of a transmural care model in the rehabilitation sector. The transmural care model was developed in cooperation with the Dutch Association of Spinal Cord Injured Patients, community nurses, general practitioners, rehabilitation nurses, rehabilitation managers, physiatrists and researchers. The core component of the care model consists of a transmural nurse, who 'liaises' between people with SCI living in the community, professional primary care professionals and the rehabilitation centre. The transmural care model provides a job description containing activities to support people with SCI and their family/partners and activities to promote continuity of care. The transmural care model was implemented in two Dutch rehabilitation centres. The following three aspects, as experienced by the transmural nurses, were evaluated: the extent to which the care model was implemented; enabling factors and barriers for implementation; strength and weakness of the care model. The transmural care model was not implemented in all its details, with a clear difference between the two rehabilitation centres. Enabling factors and barriers for implementation were found at three levels: 1. the level of the individual professional (e.g. competencies, attitude and motivation), 2. the organisational and financing level (e.g. availability of facilities and finances), and 3. the social context (the opinion of colleagues, managers and other professionals involved with the care). The most important weakness experienced was that there was not enough time to put all the activities into practice. The strength of the care model lies in the combination of support of patients after discharge, support of and cooperation with primary care professionals, and feedback of experiences to the clinical rehabilitation teams. We recommend further improving and implementing the care model and encourage other care professionals and researchers to share their implementation experiences of follow-up care innovations for people with SCI.
Highlights
The National Council for Public Health Care described transmural care as follows: ‘Healthcare, geared to the needs of the patient, provided on the basis of co-operation and co-ordination between general and specialised caregivers, with shared responsibility and specification of delegated responsibilities’ [1]
The core component of the care model consists of a transmural nurse, who ‘liaises’ between people with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in the community, professional primary care professionals and the rehabilitation centre
We analysed the implementation of a transmural care model in two rehabilitation centres
Summary
The National Council for Public Health Care described transmural care as follows: ‘Healthcare, geared to the needs of the patient, provided on the basis of co-operation and co-ordination between general and specialised caregivers, with shared responsibility and specification of delegated responsibilities’ [1]. Integrated care deals with the integration of healthcare, social care and related services It is more comprehensive than transmural care since transmural care generally does not include the whole care process of patients and is focused on one or two crucial transition steps between different types of healthcare providers [2]. 2.1 Telephone consultations on transmural nurse’s initiative 2.2 Consultations in the rehabilitation centre after discharge 2.3 Home visits 2.4 Telephone consultation on patient’s initiative. E-mail on patient’s initiative E-mail on transmural nurse’s initiative Missing type of contact Number of contacts per patient. 2.3 Home visits 2.4 Telephone consultation on patient’s initiative E-mail on patient’s initiative E-mail on transmural nurse’s initiative Missing type of contact DH 8.1 (7) 2.9 (7) RCH 54.2 (26) 18.6 (47) Total group 24.6 (33)
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