Abstract
Abstract: Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is one of the main diseases affecting common bean in Brazil, and field losses can reach 100%. Transmission of this pathogen from seeds to seedlings/plants may vary according to environmental conditions and initial inoculum levels, among other factors. The aim of this study was to quantify the transmission rate of C. lindemuthianum, race 65, from infected bean seeds to seedlings/plants under controlled conditions. Seed inoculation was performed by the water conditioning technique in order to obtain seeds with different inoculum potentials as a result of the exposure time of the seeds to the fungus in pure culture, with the potentials denominated P0, P36, P72, P108, and P144. Inoculated and non-inoculated seeds were individually sown and kept in growth chambers under two temperatures, 20 and 26 °C, for a period of 28 days. There was transmission of the pathogen in both asymptomatic and symptomatic plants. The highest total transmission rate (92%) occurred in plants originating from seeds exposed for 144 hours to the fungus at 20 °C.
Highlights
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Briosi & Cav. is one of the most serious diseases of common bean in Brazil
Analyses of variance for the variables – death of seeds.seedlings-1 in pre-emergence, transmission rates in symptomatic and asymptomatic plants, and total transmission rate from seeds to emerged plants when the seeds were inoculated with C. lindemuthianum – revealed non-significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among the treatments (Tables 1 and 2)
The results observed in this study show that the fungus C. lindemuthianum did not cause a significant effect on seed death in pre-emergence and common bean seedlings
Summary
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Briosi & Cav. is one of the most serious diseases of common bean in Brazil. Seeds are an effective vehicle for dissemination of this organism (Maringoni and Barros, 2002; Sartori et al, 2004; Vechiato et al, 1997; Vieira, 1988; Ferreira et al, 2019). This understanding indicates that one of the main strategies for control of anthracnose is the use of pathogen-free seeds, preventing its dissemination to healthy plants of a given population and to other growing regions (Sartori et al, 2004; Vieira, 1988). Symptoms typical of the fungus were observed in all parts of the plants, the cotyledons, stems, and leaves
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