Abstract
Transmission of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 9 (LA-SA CC9) between pigs raised on industrial hog operations (IHOs) and humans in the United States is poorly understood. We analyzed whole-genome sequences from 32 international S. aureus CC9 isolates and 49 LA-SA CC9 isolates from IHO pigs and humans who work on or live near IHOs in 10 pig-producing counties in North Carolina, USA. Bioinformatic analysis of sequence data from the 81 isolates demonstrated 3 major LA-SA CC9 clades. North Carolina isolates all fell within a single clade (C3). High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of C3 revealed 2 subclades of intermingled IHO pig and human isolates differing by 0–34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Our findings suggest that LA-SA CC9 from pigs and humans share a common source and provide evidence of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant LA-SA CC9 between IHO pigs and humans who work on or live near IHOs in North Carolina.
Highlights
Transmission of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 9 (LA-SA CC9) between pigs raised on industrial hog operations (IHO) and humans in the United States is poorly understood
The presence of pig isolates coupled with the absence of immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes and presence of tetracycline resistance genes in C1–C3 suggest that C1–C3 isolates may be members of a larger Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus (LA-SA) CC9 clade
Our results provide evidence of householdlevel transmission of LA-SA CC9 between IHO workers and minors and suggest that potential LA-SA CC9 transmission is not limited to the occupational setting
Summary
Transmission of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 9 (LA-SA CC9) between pigs raised on industrial hog operations (IHO) and humans in the United States is poorly understood. High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of C3 revealed 2 subclades of intermingled IHO pig and human isolates differing by 0–34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus (LA-SA) has emerged among pigs raised in industrial hog operations (IHOs) and persons who work on or live near IHOs globally, including in the United States [1,2,3,4]. Asia and to investigate potential transmission of antimicrobial-resistant LA-SA CC9 among IHO pigs and humans who work on or live near IHOs in North Carolina
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