Transmission Media of Foodborne Diseases as an Index Prediction of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: Study at Elementary School, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Fariani Syahrul,Febi Dwirahmadi,Hari B Notobroto,Eddy B Wasito,Annis C Adi,Chatarina U Wahyuni

doi:10.3390/ijerph17218227

Abstract

Foodborne diseases (FBDs) have a large disease burden among children. The major type of FBD in children is diarrhea, caused mainly by contaminated food. One of the diarrhea pathogens is Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). The aim of this study was to establish a model of microbial prediction (DEC) in stool, caused by the transmission of FBDs in elementary schoolchildren. An observational analytic study was conducted, with a nested case-control study design. In Stage I, the study population was children in a selected elementary school at Surabaya. The sample size for Stage I was 218 children. In Stage II, the case sample was all children with a positive test for DEC (15 children), and the control sample was all children who had tested negative for DEC (60 children). The result of the laboratory tests showed that the proportion of DEC in children was 6.88% (15 of 218 children) and the proportion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in children was only 0.46%. The most significant mode of transmission included in the model was the snacking frequency at school and the risk classification of food that was often purchased at school. The formulation of the predicting model of DEC in stool can be used as an early warning against the incidence of FBDs in elementary schoolchildren.

Highlights

Foodborne diseases (FBDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, among children in developing countries [1,2,3]
The results show that most children (66.7%) who tested positive for Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in their stool had a snacking frequency of ≥4 times/week
Most children who were DEC-positive bought snacks that were classified as high-risk food and beverages, while most children who were DEC-negative bought snacks that were classified as being low-risk food and beverages

Summary

Introduction

Foodborne diseases (FBDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, among children in developing countries [1,2,3]. Estimated that, every year around the world, the consumption of unsafe food causes 600 million cases of FBDs and 420,000 deaths. More than 150 million people are affected by FBDs, and more than 170,000 die. Diarrheal diseases are responsible for the majority of deaths because of FBDs in Southeast Asia [4]. FBDs are diseases caused by consuming contaminated food/drinks that contain various harmful microorganisms and pathogens. Various studies have found that there are three types of FBDs: enteric, Int. J. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8227; doi:10.3390/ijerph17218227 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph

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