Transmission characteristics and some other properties of bean yellow vein‐banding virus, and its association with pea enation

Abstract

SUMMARYBean yellow vein‐banding virus (BYVBV) has been found occasionally in mixed infection with pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) in spring‐sown field beans (Vicia faba minor) in southern England. Glasshouse tests confirmed that, like PEMV, BYVBV is transmissible by manual inoculation and by aphids in the persistent manner. However, BYVBV can be transmitted by aphids only from plants that are also infected with a helper virus, usually PEMV. Thus after separation from PEMV by passage through Phaseolus vulgaris it was no longer aphid‐transmissible. It became aphid‐transmissible again only after re‐mixing in plants with PEMV or with a substitute helper, bean leaf roll virus (BLRV). It was not transmitted by aphids that fed sequentially on plants singly infected with PEMV and BYVBV. Thus the interaction between BYVBV and PEMV (or BLRV) that enables BYVBV to be transmitted by aphids seems to occur only in doubly infected plants. However, it was not transmitted by aphids from plants doubly infected with BYVBV and broad bean wilt virus (BBWV). BYVBV and PEMV were transmitted more readily by Acyrthosiphon pisum than by Myzus persicae; neither virus was transmitted by Aphis fabae.Phenol extracts of BYVBV‐infected leaves were more infective than phosphate buffer or bentonite‐clarified extracts and were sometimes infective when diluted to 1/1000. The infectivity of BYVBV in phosphate buffer extracts of leaves singly infected with BYVBV, unlike that in extracts of leaves doubly infected with BYVBV and PEMV (or BLRV), was destroyed by treatment with organic solvents. BYVBV infected 11 of 28 plant species that were inoculated with phenol extracts; seven of the infected species were legumes. No transmission of BYVBV was detected through seed harvested from infected field bean plants. Isometric particles c. 30 nm in diameter were seen in extracts of plants doubly infected with BYVBV and PEMV but not in extracts of plants infected with BYVBV alone. Leaves of plants infected with BYVBV, alone or with PEMV, contained membrane‐bound structures c. 50–90 nm in diameter associated with the tonoplast in cell vacuoles. These structures were not found in healthy leaves.BYVBV has several properties in common with other known aphid‐borne viruses that are helper‐dependent and transmitted in a persistent manner. Possibly, as suggested for some of them, aphid transmission of BYVBV depends on the coating of its nucleic acid with helper virus coat protein.